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The Evans Gambit arises after 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4, where White sacrifices a pawn to deflect Black's bishop and gain time for a powerful central pawn push with c3 and d4. Invented by Welsh sea captain William Davies Evans around 1827, it was the most played opening of the romantic era. White gives up the b4 pawn to gain a tempo on the bishop and establish a dominant center — the bishop pair and central pawns are the compensation.

After 4.b4 Bxb4 5.c3 Ba5 6.d4, White has established a powerful center and developed rapidly. The plan is straightforward: 7.O-O, 8.Re1, Bg5 pinning the f6 knight, and a kingside attack. White's pieces coordinate excellently — the bishop on c4 targets f7, the queen can go to b3 or d3, and the rooks rapidly enter the game. White must play energetically; any hesitation allows Black to consolidate the extra pawn and exploit White's structural weaknesses.

Garry Kasparov famously revived the Evans Gambit in a 1995 exhibition game against Vishy Anand, shocking the chess world by playing a 19th-century romantic gambit against the world's top players. Kasparov recognized that the gambit's attacking compensation remained practically valid even in the computer age — the rapid development, open lines, and initiative create concrete winning chances that even top grandmasters struggle to neutralize at the board. This game renewed serious theoretical interest in the Evans Gambit.

The Lasker Defense — 4.b4 Bxb4 5.c3 Ba5 6.d4 d6 — was advocated by Emanuel Lasker as a solid antidote. Instead of 6...exd4, Black plays 6...d6, reinforcing the center and keeping the position more closed. White cannot open the position as explosively as in the main lines. After 7.Qb3 Qd7 8.dxe5 dxe5 9.O-O, White has some compensation, but Black's solid structure makes converting the initiative much harder. It remains one of the best practical responses for Black.